This paper presents new chemical and mineralogical analyses of Early Modern Era pottery excavated from key archaeological sites at Ksar Seghir and Ceuta in North Africa, as well as Orduña in the Iberian Peninsula. Investi-gating these artifacts sheds light on provenance, trade dynamics, technological characteristics, and their broader socio-cultural implications. The diverse assemblage of glazed and unglazed ceramics – including kitchenware, storage vessels, transportation containers, and tripod stilts – offers not only evidence of cultural andeconomic exchanges during this period, but also valuable insights into daily life, illustrating the blending of Islamic, North African, and European influences. By employing chemical archaeometric techniques, this study benchmarks its findings against a comprehensive database of Medieval and Early Modern ceramics, providing a robust framework for ongoing and future investigations. Furthermore, the research makes a methodological contribution by applying Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF), a technique renowned for its efficiency, speed, and non-destructive elemental composition analysis. This approach ensures the preservation and integrity of artifacts, offering a valuable tool for future comparative studies in archaeometry.