The paper presents the results of a preliminary petrographic study of a sample of pottery fragments from the site of Rio Tana (Abruzzo, Central Italy). The settlement, situated on a terrace of the ancient Fucino Lake, now artificially drained, is dated to the early phase of the Neolithic. The present study aims to provide new data on the raw materials and techniques used in the production of pottery at the site. Preliminary investigations on 11 selected samples allowed the identification of two main petrographic fabrics based on the nature, percentage and grain size of the inclusions. The ceramics were produced using calcareous clays with inclusions of calcite crystals, quartz and fragments of carbonate rocks. The optical activity of the matrix and the presence of calcareous inclusions indicate a maximum firing temperature lower than 650 °C. The colour, mainly in the tone of reddish-brown, of the matrix of the analysed ceramics testifies oxidizing conditions during the firing process, in which the control of the oxygen fugacity was not generally achieved by the Rio Tana craftspeople.